If you just use the chkdsk command by itself, it will scan your drive in read-only mode, reporting errors but not attempting to repair them. Just make sure that you launch them as administrator.
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RELATED: How to Access Windows 10's Hidden Power User Menu Note: You can also use PowerShell or Windows Terminal if you want. The command supports a number of optional switches, but we’re mostly concerned with two of them: /f and /r. Open up the Command Prompt with administrative privileges by hitting Windows+X and selecting “Command Prompt (Admin).” You’ll be using the chkdsk command.
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Plus, if you’re using Windows 10 or Windows 11, it’s the only way to force automatic fixing or bad sector scanning into the mix. If you’re willing to use the Command Prompt (or you have to because Windows won’t boot properly), you can exert a little more control over the disk-checking process. RELATED: What Are the Windows A: and B: Drives Used For? How to Use the ChkDsk Command If you do restart to find that a scan has been scheduled, Windows is also kind enough to provide you with about ten seconds to skip the scan if you want to. This command actually excludes the drive from the chkdsk command for the next start. You won’t get any kind of feedback that the scan has been canceled, but it will have been. We’ll also talk about running it from the Command Prompt, in cases where you can’t even boot into Windows. We’ll be working with Windows 10 in this article, so the screenshots may look slightly different if you’re using Windows 11, but chkdsk performs the same, and we’ll point out where any procedures differ. The chkdsk tool works pretty much the same in all versions of Windows.
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For that reason, you should always make sure you have a good backup routine in place and back up your PC before running chkdsk. If chkdsk does encounter problems-especially hard bad sectors-that it can’t repair, data can become unusable. RELATED: Bad Sectors Explained: Why Hard Drives Get Bad Sectors and What You Can Do About It Fortunately, chkdsk was able to recover the sectors in my case, and everything went back to normal afterward. After a lot of troubleshooting, a chkdsk scan revealed I had bad sectors where my Outlook data file was stored. That may all sound very technical, but don’t worry: you don’t need to understand the ins and outs of how it works to know when you should run it.įor example: I once had a problem where Outlook suddenly started crashing on me shortly after loading.
Chkdsk attempts to fix these problems by repairing soft bad sectors and marking hard bad sectors so they won’t be used again. Bad sectors come in two forms: soft bad sectors, which can occur when data is written badly, and hard bad sectors, which can occur because of physical damage to the disk. Chkdsk can also optionally scan every sector on a disk volume looking for bad sectors.Such errors might include corrupt entries in a volume’s master file table (MFT), bad security descriptors associated with files, or even misaligned time stamp or file size information about individual files.
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